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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. ==Prior to 14th century== * 329 BCE - City sacked by Alexander III of Macedon.〔 * 260 CE - Sassanians in power (approximate date). * 712 - City taken by forces of Umayyad Caliphate under Qutayba ibn Muslim.〔 * 806 - Lead by Rafi ibn al-Layth, Samarkand revolted against Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan, Governor of Khurasan due to his oppressive taxation. * 819 - Samanid rule of Samarkand begins. Nuh ibn Asad was appointed authority over the city of Samarkand by Caliph Al-Ma'mun's governor of Khurasan, Ghassan ibn 'Abbad, as a reward for his support against the revolt. * 841/842- After the death of Nuh ibn Asad, Abdallah, the governor of Khurasan, appointed two of Nuh's brothers, Yahya and Ahmad, to jointly rule over Samarkand.〔 * 864/865 - Upon his father Ahmad's death, Nasr I inherits Samarkand.〔 * 892 - Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Nasr's brother, moves the capital to Bukhara after Nasr's death. * 914 - Nasr II becomes amir of the Samanids after his father Ahmad Samani dies, sparking a revolt in Samarkand, lead by his great-uncle Ishaq ibn Ahmad.〔 * 991 - Fa'iq is given governorship of Samarkand by Samanid amir Nuh II.〔 * 999 - Isma'il Muntasir, son of Nuh II, briefly recaptures Samarkand from the Karakhanids before having to abandon it to flee from them, thus definitively ending the Samanid rule of Samarkand.〔 * 1000 - Karakhanid Nasr ibn Ali, is given the large central area of Transoxiana, including Samarkand and Bukhara as an appanage (approximate date). * 1052 - Tamghach Khan Ibrahim, son of Nasr, won control of a large part of Transoxania, and made Samarkand the capital. * 1066 - Afrosiab madrasa built by Ibrahim. * 1089 - During the reign of Ibrahim's grandson Ahmad ibn Khidr, at the request of the ulama of Transoxiana, the Seljuks entered and took control of Samarkand, together with the domains belonging to the Western Khanate. The Western Karakhanids Khanate became a vassal of the Seljuks.〔 * 1141 - After Yelü Dashi's victory over the Seljuks in the Battle of Qatwan north of Samarkand, the Karakhanids became vassals of the Kara-Khitan Khanate. Yelü Dashi spent ninety days in Samarkand, accepting the loyalty of Muslim nobles and appointing Ibrahim Tabghach Khan as the new ruler of Samarkand.〔Biran, Michael. ''The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World.'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.44.〕 * 1158 - Khwarezm-shah Il-Arslan besieged the Karakhanids in Samarkand at the behest of the Qarluks who had been persecuted by them. In the end a peace was mediated where Chaghrï Khan was forced to take back the Qarluk leaders and restore them to their former positions.〔Biran, Michael. ''The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World.'' Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.〕 * 1210 - Ala ad-Din Muhammad II, Shah of the Khwarezmian Empire takes Samarkand.〔 * 1212 - Supported by Uthman Ulugh Sultan, its last Kara-Khanid ruler, the city of Samarkand revolted, killing 8,000-10,000 Khwarezmians living there. Muhammad, in retaliation, sacked the city and executed 10,000 citizens of Samarkand, including Uthman.〔Rafis Abazov, ''Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia'', (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 43.〕 * 1221 - City besieged by forces of Mongol Genghis Khan.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of Samarkand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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